An independent health reference. It does not replace a consultation with a doctor: we do not diagnose or prescribe treatment. In a life-threatening emergency call 112 (or 103 for an ambulance in Russia). This site is not connected with the former greetings service on this domain.

Topics and conditions

Topics and conditions

The reference is organised into four broad topics that affect almost every adult. Each card explains the topic in plain words, what to pay attention to and where to look next. These are not descriptions of diseases or a way to diagnose yourself: they are pointers to the questions worth taking to a doctor.

Much of what matters for health does not hurt. That is why it helps to know what to check before any symptoms appear.

— Editor's note

How this section works: a topic is included if it affects most adults, is covered by recommendations from international or Russian health organisations, and the advice can be followed without buying any particular product or service.

Heart and circulation

Blood pressure, movement and habits that affect your blood vessels over the years.

Blood pressure

According to WHO, hypertension is diagnosed when blood pressure measured on two different days is 140/90 mmHg or higher both times. Many people with high blood pressure feel nothing, so it needs to be measured rather than waiting for symptoms. A measurement is part of a routine check-up.

Prevention

Physical activity

WHO advises adults to do 150–300 minutes of moderate activity a week and muscle-strengthening exercise on at least two days a week. Some activity is better than none. See the table of guidelines for details.

Prevention

Alcohol

In 2023 the WHO Regional Office for Europe stated that there is no level of alcohol consumption that is safe for health. If someone recommends "a glass for your heart", discuss it with your doctor.

Methods and approaches

Metabolism and nutrition

What is known about a healthy diet and how not to fall for fashionable promises.

Salt, sugar and fat

WHO guidance: less than 5 g of salt a day, free sugars below 10% of daily energy intake, fat no more than 30%. These are general population figures, not a personal diet.

Prevention

Fruit and vegetables

WHO recommends at least 400 g a day; potatoes and other starchy root vegetables do not count towards this.

Medical glossary

Diets and supplements

A dietary supplement is not a medicine. Before believing promises to "speed up your metabolism", see how to check a claim about a method.

Methods and approaches

Tests and results

What the words on a lab report mean and why the results should be interpreted by a doctor who knows your history.

Medical glossary

Sleep, stress and wellbeing

Sleep and daily strain affect your health as much as diet does.

How much sleep

In a 2015 consensus statement, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society recommend that adults regularly sleep 7 hours or more.

Reading research

Sedentary lifestyle

WHO advises limiting time spent sitting. Even short movement breaks are a step in the right direction.

Prevention

When to talk to a doctor

If poor sleep, anxiety or tiredness get in the way of daily life, start with a general practitioner. A list of questions for the appointment is in a separate section.

Questions for your doctor

Infections and hygiene

Simple measures that lower the risk of catching or spreading an infection.

Handwashing

According to WHO, the whole handwashing procedure with soap and water takes 40–60 seconds; an alcohol-based hand rub takes 20–30 seconds.

Prevention

Vaccination

One type of preventive intervention. Which vaccines you need is decided with your doctor, taking into account your age and medical history.

Methods and approaches

Antibiotics and self-medication

Medicines are prescribed by a doctor. How to check whether a medicine is registered, and why you should not treat yourself based on advice from the internet.

Medical glossary

Article catalogue for English-speaking readers

This section will feature standalone articles written for English-speaking readers. They are written with an international audience in mind and are not translations of material from other language versions of the site.

Topics the editors are planning

  • How to prepare for a GP appointment: a one-week checklist
  • How to read a medicine's patient information leaflet
  • Measuring blood pressure at home: common mistakes
  • How to fact-check a health news story in ten minutes

Editorial rules

  • Articles in this catalogue are written separately for each language version and are not translations.
  • Some articles link to third-party websites, including gaming services; we do not control their content, prices or terms.
  • We do not publish unverifiable ratings of clinics or doctors, prices or reviews.
  • Prevention

    Preventive check-ups in Russia's state health insurance (OMS) system and how to get the most from them. WHO guidance for adults.

  • Methods and approaches

    What counts as evidence-based, the main types of intervention and how to check a claim about a method.

  • Questions for your doctor

    What to ask your doctor and who to see first.

Sources

  • WHO. Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour (2020)
  • WHO. Healthy diet: fact sheet
  • WHO. Hypertension: fact sheet
  • WHO. Guidelines on Hand Hygiene
  • American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. Consensus statement on recommended sleep duration for adults (2015)

Information is current as of the preparation date. The Russian check-up schedule, recommendations from health organisations and medicine registration rules may change — check current arrangements with your clinic and official sources.